True Facts: Hippopotamus

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Dr Christopher Dutton, University of Florida
Dr Joseph Dudley, University of Alaska
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Citations

Barklow, William E. Amphibious communication with sound in hippos, Hippopotamus amphibius, Animal Behaviour, Volume 68, Issue 5, 2004, Pages 1125-1132, ISSN 0003-3472, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.10.034.

Blowers, Tracy, "Social Grouping Behaviors Of Captive Female Hippopotamus Amphibius" (2008). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3459.
https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/3459

Coughlin, Brittany L. , Frank E. Fish, Hippopotamus Underwater Locomotion: Reduced-Gravity Movements for a Massive Mammal, Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 90, Issue 3, 2 June 2009, Pages 675–679, https://doi.org/10.1644/08-MAMM-A-279R.1

Dudley, J.P., Hang'Ombe, B.M., Leendertz, F.H., Dorward, L.J., de Castro, J., Subalusky, A.L. and Clauss, M. (2016), Carnivory by hippos and ecology of anthrax. Mammal Review, 46: 191-203. https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.12056

Dutton, C.L., Subalusky, A.L., Sanchez, A. et al. The meta-gut: community coalescence of animal gut and environmental microbiomes. Sci Rep 11, 23117 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02349-1

Gatesy J, Hayashi C, Cronin MA, Arctander P. Evidence from milk casein genes that cetaceans are close relatives of hippopotamid artiodactyls. Mol Biol Evol. 1996 Sep;13(7):954-63. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025663. PMID: 8752004.

Geisler, J., Theodor, J. Hippopotamus and whale phylogeny. Nature 458, E1–E4 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07776

Gingerich PD, Haq Mu, Zalmout IS, Khan IH, Malkani MS. Origin of whales from early artiodactyls: hands and feet of Eocene Protocetidae from Pakistan. Science. 2001 Sep 21;293(5538):2239-42. doi: 10.1126/science.1063902. Epub 2001 Sep 19. PMID: 11567134.

Graeme, Shannon, Sadler Phoebe, Smith Joanna, Roylance-Casson Eleanor and Cordes Line S. 2021Contrasting selection pressure on body and weapon size in a polygynous megaherbivoreBiol. Lett.172021036820210368, http://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2021.0368

Gray NM, Kainec K, Madar S, Tomko L, Wolfe S. Sink or swim? Bone density as a mechanism for buoyancy control in early cetaceans. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2007 Jun;290(6):638-53. doi: 10.1002/ar.20533. PMID: 17516430.

Inman VL, Kingsford RT, Chase MJ, Leggett KEA (2019) Drone-based effective counting and ageing of hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) in the Okavango Delta in Botswana. PLoS ONE 14(12): e0219652. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219652.

McCauley, D. J., T. E. Dawson, M. E. Power, J. C. Finlay, M. Ogada, D. B. Gower, K. Caylor, W. D. Nyingi, J. M. Githaiga, J. Nyunja, F. H. Joyce, R. L. Lewison, and J. S. Brashares. 2015. Carbon stable isotopes suggest that hippopotamus-vectored nutrients subsidize aquatic consumers in an East African river. Ecosphere 6(4):52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/ES14-00514.1

Maust-Mohl, M., Reiss, D. and Reidenberg, J.S. (2019), A Comparison of Common Hippopotamus (Artiodactyla) and Mysticete (Cetacea) Nostrils: An Open and Shut Case. Anat Rec, 302: 693-702. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24032

Maust-Mohl, M., Soltis, J., & Reiss, D. (2018). Underwater click train production by the hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) suggests an echo-ranging function, Behaviour, 155(2-3), 231-251. doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539X-00003484

Saikawa, Y., Hashimoto, K., Nakata, M. et al. The red sweat of the hippopotamus. Nature 429, 363 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1038/429363a

Sulman J R, Madelyn G C, Irina A K. Correlation of Bone Density in Aquatic and Semiaquatic Animals to Ecological and Dietary Specializations. Open Acc Res Anatomy. 2(3). OARA.000537.2020.
DOI: 10.31031/OARA.2020.02.000537